Empirical Doppler and Temporal Models of the S-Band Backscattering from Forest

This paper presents an analysis of the temporal characteristics of the electromagnetic wave backscattered from wind-influenced forest at low grazing angles. The data were collected at the US Air Force Stockbridge Test Site in Stockbridge, New York during the last week of August 2017 using portable, high-power S-band radar. We show that the data are in good agreement with the Narayanan, Lacaze, and Billingsley temporal and Doppler models.