Optimal Sizing of PV System and BESS for Smart Household under Stepwise Power Tariff

The study on the sizing of renewable energy generation systems and energy storage systems together in a household considering different price mechanisms can further promote the development of the home energy management system (HEMS). In this paper, the sizing of photovoltaic (PV) system and battery energy storage system (BESS) in household considering stepwise power tariff (SPT) is investigated, To optimize capacity configuration, a HEMS expressed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming framework is proposed, considering the uncertainty of PV output, the seasonal load profiles, and the subsidy for PV. That the DICOPT solver in GAMS is called on MATLAB is employed to solve this MINLP problem. Finally, the impact of price mechanisms, uncertainty of PV output, and timing of home load are studied with 6 cases. Results indicate that the cost-saving under SPT is highest among SPT, real-time pricing (RTP), and time-of-use pricing (TOU) tariffs. Besides, the cost-saving in stochastic approach (SA) optimization is greater than that in deterministic approach (DA) optimization.