Capacitively-coupled Chopper Instrumentation Amplifiers: An Overview

Capacitively-coupled chopper instrumentation amplifiers (CCIAs) have attracted plenty of attention in the past decade. They offer micro-volt offset, low 1/f noise, high noise efficiency and excellent rejection/isolation of input common-mode voltages. As such they are increasingly used in low power precision sensor interfaces, as well as in biomedical and current-sensing applications. This paper presents an overview of the history and evolution of CCIAs.