Fast Charging Station with Battery Storage System for EV: Optimal Integration into the Grid

Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be in a near future a non-negligible part of the world's car fleet. Nevertheless, a dense network of Fast Charging Stations (FCS) on highways is needed to enable EVs to be competitive with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for long distances. FCS require high power from the grid which could generate stress on the power grid and necessitate expensive investments for grid connection. An Electric Storage System (ESS) inside the FCS could mitigate those impacts, and a Battery ESS (BESS) also allows to offer grid services and to maximise the profits of the FCS operator. In this paper, we propose a FCS model including grid services and battery degradation. A trade-off between BESS size and contracted power value is assessed to satisfy the EV needs and to respect the battery state-of-charge limits. Finally, an economic survey is done with the net present value to compare a FCS with BESS (with or without delivery of grid services) and without BESS.