Using Fuzzy Geoparticipation Methods to Optimize the Spatial Development Process in a Smart City

A low level of social participation of residents is one of the problems with creating and developing smart cities. In this article, the authors propose a method of stimulating residents' activity (utilizing elements of gamification) concerning spatial development and a methodology for transforming residents' opinions into structured knowledge. Through the use of spatial data mining algorithms and a fuzzy reasoning system developed by the authors, this methodology makes it possible to consider many, at times polar opposite, social and economic needs, and to develop a fuzzy knowledge base that supports the development of a smart city.