Optimal Scheduling of Spinning Reserve and User Cost in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Systems

Electric vehicles (EVs) and smart grids are considered essential to the fight against climate change. Numerous EV scheduling strategies have been proposed but conflicts often occur concerning the benefits to users and utilities. This paper investigates the optimization of scheduling for both spinning reserve and users cost in V2G systems. First, a mathematical model for the EV spinning reserve is built, taking into account EV mobility. Then, the resulting spinning reserve and user cost using two conventional scheduling strategies are presented and the corresponding conflict is illustrated. As a result, an improved strategy to jointly minimize user cost and maintain the spinning reserve requirements of the grid is proposed. The corresponding algorithm is presented and the simulation results are provided to validate the proposed strategy.