Evaluation of diffused phosphorus emitters using Griddler-PC1D

Griddler-PC1D is an integrated solar cell simulation platform which combines the accurate solutions of recombination and photo-generated carrier collection in diffused emitters by cmd-PC1D 6-2, with the ability of the finite-element simulator Griddler to solve the I-V characteristics of a complete solar cell. With this approach, both the presence of lateral currents in the emitter and base layers, as well as different recombination current densities under the various passivated and metallized regions can be taken into account. The advent of Griddler AI further aids the extraction of recombination under the metal contacts, by analysis of photoluminescence images of easy-toprepare test structures. In this work, we detail the use of Griddler-PC1D to investigate the effectiveness of a series of phosphorus emitters, by reconciling experimentally determined emitter saturation current densities (J
_0e
) with simulation, predicting metal-induced recombination, and performing automated metal grid optimization.