1-Port Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Technique Using Three Lines

This paper proposes a calibration technique for 1-port vector network analyzers (VNA) using three lines as the measurement standard. In the method, the reflection coefficient of a device under test and the circuit errors, such as the directivity, matching, and tracking, are simultaneously obtained. The advantage of the method is that results without the effects of the circuit errors are obtained, no assumption is required for the characteristics of the standard lines and theory, and the simple SI traceability can be established.