An Adhesive and Corrosion-Resistant Biomarker Sensing Film for Biosmart Wearable Consumer Electronics

The integration of electrochemical sensors in wearable consumer electronics enables monitoring the health status of individuals at molecular levels across the general population, and thus can play a critical role in transforming personalized and precision medicine. Previously, we devised a seamless integration strategy to interface disposable mediator-free enzymatic sensors-constructed on anisotropic conductive films (ACFs)-with consumer electronics. To illustrate the generalizability of our approach, here, we leverage ACF electrodes as a foundation to develop widely used mediator-based enzymatic sensors, which possess different underlying reaction mechanisms. Accordingly, we demonstrated the ACF-based sensor's anti-corrosive performance and its compatibility for integration with contact pads on both flexible and rigid substrates. To position this mediator-based sensor for untreated biofluid analysis, we adopted a post-calibration methodology to facilitate sensor surface conditioning. To demonstrate the clinical utility of our approach, a representative mediator-based enzymatic glucose sensor was developed and coupled with contact pads on a circuit board to analyze the changes in sweat glucose levels with respect to meal intake (n = 26). The generalizability of the ACF-based sensor development and integration strategy allows for its adoption to target a wide panel of biomarkers and to transform the wearable consumer electronics into biosmart platforms.