Electron-transport layer free perovskite solar cells with anodized ITO electrode

In this paper we introduce an anodized indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate to fabricate electron-transport layer free perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). Anodic oxidation technique can change the crystal morphology, optical and electrical properties of commercial ITO glasses. We further show that when fabricating electron transporting layer free PSCs, the device with anodized ITO demonstrates higher power conversion efficiency (PCE), compared to those fabricated from untreated ITO sub-strate. Using this simple surface treatment technique, an electron-selective layer free PSCs with a PCE of 11.78% is achieved.