Sensitivity characteristics of 1–3 piezoelectric composite hydrophones over a wide frequency range

The conventional hydrostatic model based on static analysis is frequency-independent and inadequate to fully evaluate the present hydrophone's full range of receiving sensitivity. To expand the operating limits of the hydrostatic model, a dynamic fluid-structure interaction model for analyzing the sensitivity of piezoelectric hydrophones is presented. An analytical solution that governs the receiving sensitivity of the piezoelectric hydrophones over a wide frequency range, in both the non-resonance frequency and the resonance frequency regions, is derived. The theoretical result shows that the derived receiving sensitivity agrees well with the hydrostatic model. Additionally, the experimental results verify the theory presented in resonance frequency range.