Volterra-based modeling of traveling wave tube amplifier for system level simulation

This paper describes a Volterra-based model of frequency dependent AM-AM and AM-PM conversions of a nonlinear traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) for use in communication system level simulation. The proposed method provides a systematic way to identify the model and ensures numerical stability in coefficient extraction. Comparison between simulation results and measurements are presented in terms of gain and noise power ratio (NPR).