Survey on combinations of load frequency control, abt and economic dispatch control in a deregulated environment

Many power systems experienced energy shortage problems and caused heavy losses for industries and inconvenience of social life and India is one of them. The electric power industry is experiencing a transition from power system monopolies to a deregulated market. Under this condition, utilities are forced to compete with each other, and for their existence in power market may cut quality and reliability cost. Performance based regulation is one way to return the degraded importance of reliability in a competitive environment. The most important ancillary service brought in after deregulation of electricity market is the Load Frequency Control. Frequency regulation means control of grid frequency within its prescribed normal operating band (NOB) by maintaining a proper balance between generation and load on a minute-to-minute basis. Since the renewable energy sources are increasing worldwide, the power system frequency response and reliability are under stake hence load frequency control is a vital issue to avoid partial or complete collapse of the system because these resources do not contribute to the inertial response of the power system. Even it is observed that in an integrated system settling of frequency is in the range of 10–15 seconds but in case of deregulation this settling time is far beyond a minute. LFC based on ABT is the new control method which is being adopted. ABT is a performance-based tariff for the supply of electricity by generators owned and controlled by the central government. It is also a new system of scheduling and dispatch, which requires both generators and beneficiaries to commit to day-ahead schedules. The Unscheduled Mechanism (UI) enforced in the interstate sale of purchase of power has succeeded in transforming the fabric of the Indian power system operation in a manner unparallel. The main objective of this paper is to focus on an extensive literature work on various models and combinations of power systems incorporating renewable energy sources and system non-linearities in a deregulated environment. Also various control techniques that concerns to LFC issues have been addressed in conventional as well as distribution generation-based power systems.