Measuring methods and measuring errors in electronics production technologies

Production of electronic devices and systems is not thinkable without measuring techniques to evaluate physical values for describing the state of those technological processes. Measuring systems are integrated in technological equipment, for instance to monitor temperatures, pressures, airflows and velocities. In-line measurement inside the equipment serves as fundament of proper technologies; to realize it is the duty of the equipment manufacturer. Non-destructive evaluation methods (NDE), to which we count electrical tests too, are necessary to check the success of the technological processes relating to the respective product. Amongst non-destructive testing systems there are many different measurement solutions integrated to solve the tasks. The paper presents, which physical values have to be measured in correlation to the different NDE methods (e.g. thermography, optical inspection, X-ray inspection, electrical measurement). However, every measurement system also produces errors itself. “Who measures, measures measurement errors!” We will discuss in this paper error propagation depending on the process characteristic and the measurement characteristic of the used techniques.