Robust optimization of generating unit restoration sequence following massive outage

In order to investigate the impact of postponed unit restoration on the overall performance of system restoration, variable length of time step is introduced into the expression of energy not served in network reconfiguration (ENSNR). Further, a robust model for optimizing unit start-up sequence to minimize ENSNR is constructed based on the stage classification of unit preparation and starting. Then, a two-layer optimization frame combining cross particle swarm optimization (CPSO) and CPLEX is developed to solve the model. Finally, New England 10-unit 39-bus power system is utilized to test the validity of proposed model and algorithm. Simulation results explicitly indicate that the model makes it possible to optimize unit startup on the condition of satisfying various robustness requirements. As a result, dispatchers are provided the capability of making decision based on the tradeoff between acceptable efficiency and robustness of unit restoration sequence.