ADS-B anti-spoofing performance of monopulse technique with sector antennas

Automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B) is a new aeronautical surveillance technology that can provide accurate aircraft positions to air traffic controllers. However, ADS-B relies on reports from aircraft, thereby being vulnerable to spoofing; malicious users can easily inject fake aircraft information to the system by transmitting artificial ADS-B signals. To detect the spoofing, Angle of Arrival (AoA) can be used. First, the AoA is measured by amplitude Monopulse technique with sector antennas. At the same time, the expected AoA is calculated from the aircraft position in the ADS-B signal. Then, the spoofing can be detected by comparing the measured and expected AoA. In this paper, anti-spoofing performance, the probability of false alarm and probability of detection, are analytically formulated and then quantitatively evaluated. The formulation includes not only AoA measurement error but also ADS-B position error. The evaluation uses the AoA measurement error observed in a flight experiment.