Nanopores incorporating ITO electrodes for electrical gating of DNA at different folding states

Nanopore devices integrated with ITO gate electrodes are fabricated, producing pore diameters <10nm and lengths ∼30nm. Translocation signals of λ-DNA reveal detailed signatures of various DNA folding states. The gate bias V
G
modulates the translocation events. As V
G
rises from −0.5V to 0.5V, the count of folded-once events increases by ∼5.5X relative to that of unfolded ones, indicating capability of electrically modulating the effective pore cross-section.