Development of a water heater population control for the demand-side frequency control

A developed control is proposed for the population of Water Heater Devices to provide different dynamic Frequency Services. The hierarchal control is based on two decision Layers, the aggregator Layer and the device control Layer. The aggregator Layer receives States of devices and enables/disables the device control Layer. It enables the population to respond from devices with higher to lower Water Temperature when a frequency drop. It enables devices to work independently, consequently eliminate any uncertainty associated with the response of the devices. The dynamic representation of the Electric Resistance Water Heater (ERWH) and Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) were achieved using Markov chain. It was demonstrated using the single machine Great Britain (GB) and the 14-machines South-East Australian power systems with real disturbances. It demonstrates the potential for an aggregator to provide different dynamic frequency reserve services at the same time and evaluates the effective population's capacity.