Hybrid fingerprint-based localization of unknown radios: Measurements in an open field

Conventional fingerprint-based localization techniques may fail to accurately localize targets if their signal parameters such as center frequency, bandwidth and transmit power are unknown during the creation of the fingerprint database. To overcome this issue, several fingerprint-based techniques were previously proposed, one which utilizes the cross-correlation of the channel impulse response (CIR), and another which utilizes the phase difference between elements of an antenna array. In this paper, the performance of these two techniques was investigated using actual measurement data taken from an open field. A simple hybrid algorithm combining these two fingerprints is also proposed. Results verified the effectiveness of the previously proposed techniques, and also showed that the proposed hybrid algorithm could outperform each individual technique.