Energy efficient geographic clustered multi-hop routing for underwater sensor networks

In underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), information transmission is extremely challenging because of the underwater channel. Underwater acoustic channel suffers from long propagation delay and low bandwidth is inclined to packet losses. Hence, the design of an energy efficient communication system is challenging under the water. In this paper, we present an energy efficient clustered multi-hop routing algorithm suitable for routing in three dimensioned (3D) underwater sensor network. The protocol architecture includes optimized cluster formation and data transmission mechanism. The proposed method is compared with an already existing protocol called Void Aware Pressure Routing (VAPR). The simulation results illustrate that the proposed method gives an improved performance in terms of energy efficiency and network lifetime.