Massively Parallel Discontinuous Galerkin Surface Integral Equation Method for Solving Large-Scale Electromagnetic Scattering Problems

In this communication, we present flexible and efficient solutions of large-scale electromagnetic scattering problems using the parallel discontinuous Galerkin (DG) surface integral equation (SIE) method. A simplified formulation of the conventional DG is used by removing the interior penalty term, thereby avoiding computational burden of the contour integral in the conventional DG. It is demonstrated numerically that the simplification causes convergence deficiency and changes the accuracy convergence rate of the solution for objects with sharp corners. The former is overcome by constructing preconditioners using the near-field matrix of the whole region, and the latter is proved to have a neglectable influence on the accuracy of the final solutions as long as normal mesh density requirement is satisfied. The well-scaling ternary parallelization approach of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is incorporated into the DG domain decomposition framework to reduce the complexity of the solution and strength its capability for large-scale problems, with the distribution of the near-field-related calculation adjusted to adapt the nonuniform meshes for a better workload balance. Numerical results are included to validate the accuracy and demonstrate the scalability and versatility of the proposed method. In addition, we demonstrated the effectiveness of our algorithm by solving a high-definition complicated aircraft model with inlets and exhausts involving over one billion unknowns.