Planar Annular Leaky-Wave Antenna Array With Conical Beam

In this article, a novel planar annular leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for generating conical beam is proposed, which exhibits properties of beam angle designable in the elevation plane, low profile, and small size. It contains two layers, i.e., radiating layer and feeding layer. Propagation properties of wave in the radiating layer are analyzed, which provide theoretical basis for design procedure. In the feeding layer, a coupled feeding network is utilized for improving impedance bandwidth. Three types of the proposed LWA with different sizes are fabricated and measured to validate the design. The measurement results agree well with the simulation results. This kind of antenna can be a suitable candidate for mobile communication.