A Robust Technique Without Additional Computational Cost in Evolutionary Antenna Optimization

A robustness-enhancing technique without additional computational cost in antenna optimization design is presented. The robustness is implemented by minimizing the variances of the gains, axial ratios, and VSWRs over the required frequency band. It is demonstrated that the new technique has two obvious advantages. One advantage is that it can ensure the antenna robustness without the extra computational overhead. The other advantage is that it is possible to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna. We apply this technique to design a microstrip antenna at 2.4 GHz. The experimental results show that, by adopting this new technique, the evolved antenna is more robust than by using two other techniques.