Antenna System Composed of T-Shaped Elements Coupled to an Open Radial Waveguide

An antenna system composed of an activated open radial waveguide (RadWG) and parasitic T-shaped elements is proposed as a high-gain antenna, where the radiation beam is steerable around the system axis. The T-shaped elements are proximity-coupled to the RadWG. It is found that the upper round plate for the RadWG contributes to forming a desirable beam and increasing the gain. The beam steering with a gain of greater than targeted 9 dBi in 16 azimuthal directions is obtained by changing the location of open-state T-shaped elements whose height is 0.18 wavelength. Effects on the radiation characteristics of the system parameters, including the RadWG height, upper round plate diameter, ground plane diameter, and number of open-state T-shaped elements, are also analyzed and discussed.