Volume Surface Integral Equation Method Based on Higher Order Hierarchical Vector Basis Functions for EM Scattering and Radiation From Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures

This paper presents a novel Galerkin-type method of moments solution of the volume surface integral equation (VSIE), which is developed for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering and radiation from composite metallic and dielectric structures. Our new scheme utilizes curved tetrahedral elements and curved triangular patches for geometric modeling, and the associated higher order hierarchical vector (HOHV) basis functions for volume/surface current modeling. In contrast to the previous studies on higher order VSIE, our scheme, which is reported for the first time in VSIE, is much more flexible. In comparison with the conventional low-order scheme, our scheme requires much less memory and computational time for the same accuracy level. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility of our scheme.