An All-Polarization, Beamforming, and DoA Ready, Г–Dipole Antenna Array

A novel miniature all-polarization
$\Gamma $
antenna array for demanding 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) applications is proposed. The antenna is designed to be able to perform direction of arrival (DoA) and beamforming keeping the antenna’s footprint as minimal as possible to fit in or wrapped around any IoT device. It is a nonuniform square array comprised of novel right-corner dipoles which are mirror-placed to additionally allow all polarization properties. These properties are inherited from its approximate equivalence to a cross-dipole antenna with additional features and flexibility. An analytical mathematical formulation is presented resulting in a closed form for the
$\Gamma $
–dipole as well as the four dipoles array. Numerical simulations proved the antenna performance and verified that all of its features are approximately retained even when it is curved. The antenna is prototyped in both an improvised wire dipole (planar or curved) and as printed on an FR-4 substrate. The measured results confirmed the analytical and numerical ones regarding the antenna all-polarization, beamforming, and DoA features.