Beampattern Synthesis Based on Novel Receive Delay Array for Mainlobe Interference Mitigation

This article investigates beampattern synthesis methods based on a novel receive delay array (RDA) to mitigate interferences located in the mainlobe of the beampattern. In our system design, the RDA is developed by transmitting a stepped frequency linear frequency modulation waveform and delaying the received echo with a small time offset between adjacent receive antenna elements. In doing so, a range-angle-dependent beampattern is obtained in the joint transmit–receive spatial domain. A two-stage beamforming scheme, including the equivalent data-independent transmit beamforming and dimension-reduced data-dependent receive beamforming, is then proposed to mitigate mainlobe interferences. Furthermore, according to the adaptive array theory, by designing a transmit weight vector dependent on the interference steering vector, two beampattern synthesis algorithms are developed, respectively, based on the maximum gain and minimum deviation to adjust multiple responses of the transmit beampattern precisely. The mainlobe of the receive beampattern is also broadened with the use of the derivative constraint. By combining the devised transmit and receive weight vectors, a 2-D joint transmit–receive beampattern with a flat-top mainlobe and broadened nulls can be formed, where the interferences are mitigated against the direction-of-arrival (DOA) mismatch. Theoretical and practical analyses and parametric studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed beampattern synthesis methods in mitigating mainlobe interferences.