Energy-efficient ULF/VLF transmitters based on mechanically-rotating dipoles

We describe the design of miniaturized power-efficient ULF/VLF (0.3–30kHz) transmitters for underground and undersea wireless communications based on the mechanical rotation of permanently-polarized dipoles. The concept is validated using both theoretical analysis and simulations. Moreover, an integrated design and control strategy is proposed to overcome the resulting electromagnetic and mechanical design challenges.