Dynamic state estimation-based centralized protection scheme

Recent advances bring new challenges to different aspects of power systems. These challenges necessitate new philosophy and paradigm shifts in power system protection, control, and operation. This paper describes a dynamic state estimation-based centralized protection scheme (DSEBCPS) that provides a new paradigm for a resilient protection system for the power system of the future. The proposed system is capable of detecting hidden failures in real time, correcting data by leveraging redundancy, and facilitating the system's secure and dependable protection and operation. The DSEBCPS is integrated with setting-less relays to secure their operation against hidden failures. The process starts with data streaming from setting-less relays to the DSEBCPS through the process bus. The DSEBCPS performs dynamic state estimation at the substation level to detect abnormalities. Upon detecting abnormalities, the DSEBCPS performs hypothesis testing to distinguish between faults and hidden failures. Its capability to detect hidden failures in real time secures setting-less relays from misoperation, bridging a critical gap in protection systems. This paper includes a simulation for two case studies to demonstrate the system's capabilities.