Mass flow measurement of two-phase carbon dioxide using coriolis flowmeters

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is considered as an important technology to reduce CO
₂
emission from electrical power generation and other industrial processes. In the CCS chain, i.e. from capture to storage via transportation, it is essential to realize accurate measurement of CO
₂
flows for the purpose of accounting and potential leakage detection. However, there are some significant challenges for the current flow metering technologies to achieve the specified 1.5% measurement uncertainty in the EU-ETS (European Union - Emissions Trading Scheme) for all expected flow conditions. Moreover, there are very few CO
₂
flow test and calibration facilities that can recreate CCS conditions particularly two-phase CO
₂
flow in pipelines together with accurate measurement standards. As one of the most potential flowmeters that may be used in the CCS chain, Coriolis flowmeters have the advantages of direct measurement of mass flow rate regardless of its state (liquid, gas, gas/liquid two-phase or supercritical) in addition to the measurement of temperature and density of CO
₂
for the characterization of flow conditions. This paper assesses the performance of Coriolis flowmeters incorporating a soft-computing correction method for gas-liquid two-phase CO
₂
flow measurement. The correction method includes a pre-trained backpropagation neural network. Experimental work was conducted on a purpose-built 25 mm bore two-phase CO
₂
flow test rig for liquid mass flowrate between 300 kg/h and 3050 kg/h and gas mass flowrate from 0 to 330 kg/h under the fluid temperature of 19~21 °C and pressure of 54~58 bar. Experimental results suggest that the Coriolis flowmeters with the developed correction method are capable of providing the mass flow rate of gas-liquid CO
₂
flow with errors mostly within ±2% and ±1.5% on horizontal and vertical pipelines, respectively.