Two-dimensional High Frequency Surface Wave Radar receive array design

This paper examines the design of two-dimensional receive arrays optimized for High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR). Prior studies have typically considered one-dimensional uniform linear array designs or quasi two-dimensional arrays utilizing fixed analog beamformed endfire doublet or quadlet type array elements. In this paper we will demonstrate the utility of true two-dimensional receive arrays that are spatial oversampled and can therefore exploit superdirective optimal beamforming. Receive array performance is examined through a combination of electromagnetic antenna modeling and two-dimensional spatial noise and clutter distributions. We also demonstrate the practical performance of the proposed two-dimensional receive array design through experimental data results.