Reference phantoms for microwave imaging

Microwave imaging offers an alternative modality for breast cancer screening and for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular accidents. Before clinical application, the performances of microwave imaging systems have to be assessed on anatomically detailed anthropomorphic phantoms. This paper presents advances in the development of breast and head phantoms based upon 3D-printed structures filled up with liquid solutions that mimic the biological tissues in terms of complex permittivity in a broad microwave frequency band.