Real-time “hardware-in-the-loop” simulation of components of an electric vehicle powertrain: Modeling and implementation

This paper presents the development of a real-time “hardware-in-the-loop” simulation system, dedicated to evaluate the operation of an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain elements. Mathematical models of on-board battery pack and dc-to-dc converter, responsible for the EV power management, are described and validated. Addittionally, a simplified eletric motor drive system model is also presented. The proposed system is tested by means of the real-time simulation of the operation of an EV under a standard drive cycle.