1 Introduction
Ad-hoc networks are infrastructureless networks in which a node can act as source, relay, and destination of multi-hop communications. In Pedestrian Ad-hoc NETworks (PANETs), all nodes in the network (namely, devices carried by pedestrians such as hand-held smartphones or wearable devices) may act as information sources and/or destinations. The main characteristics of PANETs are: (i) presence of many information sources; (ii) high node spatial density; and (iii) low node speed (almost static). In particular, we focus on applications where nodes send very small amounts of information data (e.g., geographical coordinates or alert messages) to all other nodes via multi-hop transmissions. This is meaningful, for example, for proximity-based social networking applications.