1 Introduction
With the rapid development of mobile devices and wireless networks, mobile crowdsensing (MCS) has taken off in recent years. Through embedded sensors inside mobile devices, users can obtain sensing data of the surroundings without any difficulty with the help of mobile applications leveraging various sensing technologies. Benefited from the mobility and flexibility of mobile devices, MCS has been widely used as an efficient way for large-scale data collection in various fields, such as smart cities [1], [2], environmental monitoring [3], [4], and health care [5], [6]. In this new era, MCS can also be utilized as an efficient tool for combating Covid-19 disease, by drawing the propagation map and controlling the outbreaks [7].