Calculation of the spectral and energy characteristics of the reflected waves for the purpose of solving the inverse problem of remote sensing

The paper gives the derivation of the expressions for the scattering cross-section, the width and offset of Doppler spectrum of the reflected waves for the bistatic case. These expressions are explicitly depend on the parameters of surface waves and for the first time allow to select the measurement scheme, allowing the correct solving the inverse problem of remote sensing - retrieving all the parameters of surface waves that affect the scattering. The proposed approach based on the tangent plane approximation (the Kirchhoff approximation), taking into account the various form of radiating and receiving antenna patterns. Formulas were derived for acoustic waves. However the statistical picture of the reflection in the electromagnetic case will be the same. Therefore the resulting formulas are applicable to both acoustic and electromagnetic case. For bistatic problem the dependences of the spectral and energy characteristics of the scattered radiation by the sea surface on the width of the antenna patterns for different wind speeds are shown. For the first time the dependences of the reflected radiation characteristics on the azimuth angle of surface waves propagation for various forms of antenna patterns are built for bistatic problem. This relationship opens up new opportunities for remote determination of the direction of surface waves propagation in bistatic problem statement.