Impact of PEV behavior on peak demand reduction in a commercial microgrid

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) on a distribution network are an upcoming global challenge. With an increasing integration of PEVs into the grid, one of the main issues is adverse effect of EV charging on peak demand in which distribution networks and commercial structures see a shift in typical load profiles. Load profiles in commercial buildings could see a large increase in peak demand capacity on top of increased energy consumption. This paper investigates the impacts that PEVs would have on commercial load profiles and how to overcome the challenges by employing an Energy Management System (EMS). By implementing EMS to manage grid to vehicle (G2V) charging and vehicle to grid (V2G) discharging, a minimization of the impact of PEV on the peak demand can be obtained. The results of EMS on PEV owner behavior are analyzed and discussed in the paper. Different scenarios approve the effectiveness of EMS on managing PEVs impact on peak demand.