Miniaturized Electrochemiluminescence Platform With Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Multiple Biosensing

The present work demonstrates a miniaturized 3D printed Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platform with Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) based Open Bipolar Electrodes (OBEs). To fabricate OBEs, polyimide (PI) substrate has been used as it provides properties like low-cost fabrication, high selectivity, great stability, easy reproducibility, cost-effectiveness and rapid prototyping. Moreover, graphene can be created on PI in a single step during the ablation of the CO
₂
laser. Android smartphone was efficiently used to sense ECL signals as well as to drive the required voltage to the OBEs. With the optimized parameters, the imaging system was successfully used to detect Hydrogen Peroxide (H
₂
O
₂
) with a linear range of 1 μM to 100 μM and detection of limit (LOD) 5.8729 μM (R
²
= 0.9449, n = 3). In addition, the detection of glucose has been carried out with a linear range of 1 μM to 100 μM and detection of limit (LOD) 0.138 μM (R
²
= 0.9875, n = 3). Further, real samples were tested to manifest the workability of the platform for random samples. Overall, the developed low-cost, rapidly realized and the miniaturized system can be used in many biomedical applications, environmental monitoring and point-of-care testings.