Building Entry Loss Measurements and Analysis on Non-Line-of-Sight and Line-of-Sight Paths at 6 GHz

In this letter, building entry loss (BEL) characteristics over non-line-of-sight (nLoS) and line-of-sight (LoS) paths were measured and analyzed according to the presence and absence of a ship behind a building at 6 GHz. At the 0.5 level of a cumulative distribution function, the BELs over the nLoS path were 16.96 and 6.70 dB lower than that those on the LoS path, when a ship is at the port and not, respectively. However, the value on the LoS path was almost constant, regardless of whether the ship was at the port. For quantitative analysis of BEL over the nLoS path, the received powers (Pr) were additionally measured on the back side of the building at 6 GHz. For the nLoS path, when a ship is at the port, the Pr increased by ~10 dB, both inside and on the back side of the building, compared with that without a ship. For the LoS path, when the ship was at the port or not, the Pr values were nearly constant at all measured points. This implies that radio waves reflected by the ship enter the building again. Contributions of clutter loss and BEL to the entire path loss over the nLoS path were analyzed.