High Efficiency Short Backfire Antenna Using Electromagnetically Hard Walls

This letter presents a high efficiency short backfire antenna (SBFA) using electromagnetically hard walls. A hard surface composed of low permittivity dielectric liner with longitudinal metal surface strips is affixed to the inside walls of a conventional SBFA's main reflector. The hard-walled SBFA was optimized to operate at L1 and L2 GPS bands with circular polarization using an R2 indicator based evolutionary multiobjective algorithm. A hard-walled SBFA with 2λ aperture diameter at L1 achieved 90% and 98% aperture efficiency at L1 and L2, respectively. Also the antenna exhibited more than 90% aperture efficiency over 16% bandwidth around L1. Compared to a conventional SBFA with the same aperture diameter the new antenna achieves 1.25 dB higher directivity at L1 and 0.76 dB at L2, as well as improved cross- polarization due to a more uniform aperture distribution.