Measurement of Phase Difference and Direction of Arrival Using Time-Modulated Array With General Modulation Parameters

An extraction method and formulas are proposed for phase difference and direction of arrival (DOA) using a two-element time modulated array with the general modulation parameters. The relevant spectral components are described with the help of a phasor diagram and equations for phase difference and the DOA are derived from the measured magnitude and complex quantities of these spectral components. Issues involving measurement with frequency down-conversion are addressed. Simulations and experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed method and the related theory.