A Nb-Ti 90 mm Double-Aperture Quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHC Upgrade

The luminosity upgrade of the LHC requires replacing the magnets around the ATLAS and CMS experiments with larger aperture dipoles, quadrupoles and correctors. The goal is to have a magnetic lattice that can allow to halve the beam size in the collision points with respect to present baseline. Within the framework of HiLumi LHC, CEA-Saclay studied the replacement of the 70-mm double aperture quadrupole Q4, with a 90-mm magnet based on Nb-Ti technology. The main challenges are due to the distance between the beams of 194 mm, giving a non-negligible magnetic coupling between the two apertures. The coil chosen to be the baseline is a single layer with 15-mm-width cable of the LHC MQ quadrupole. The mechanical structure is based on stainless steel collars to withstand the Lorentz forces. The iron yoke has a magnetic function, and guarantees the alignment of the two apertures. Electromagnetic and mechanical aspects and effects of unbalanced regimes on the field quality have been analyzed. A 3-D design of the coil ends is obtained by minimizing both the integrated multipoles and the peak field.