WFRFT-Aided Power-Efficient Multi-Beam Directional Modulation Schemes Based on Frequency Diverse Array

The artificial noise (AN) aided multi-beam directional modulation (DM) technology is capable of wireless physical layer secure (PLS) transmissions for multiple desired receivers in free space. The application of AN, however, makes it less power-efficient for such a DM system. To address this problem, the weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) technology is employed in this paper to achieve power-efficient multi-beam DM transmissions. Specifically, a power-efficient multi-beam WFRFT-DM scheme with cooperative receivers and a power-efficient multi-beam WFRFT-DM scheme with independent receivers are proposed based on frequency diverse array (FDA), respectively. The bit error rate (BER), secrecy rate, and robustness of the proposed multi-beam WFRFT-DM schemes are analyzed. Simulations demonstrate that 1) the proposed multi-beam WFRFT-DM schemes are more power-efficient than the conventional multi-beam AN-DM scheme; 2) the transmission security can also be guaranteed even if the eavesdroppers are located close to or the same as the desired receivers; and 3) the proposed multi-beam WFRFT-DM schemes are capable of independent transmissions for different desired receivers with different modulations.