A Two-Stage 2D Channel Extrapolation Scheme for TDD 5G NR Systems

Recently, channel extrapolation has been widely investigated in frequency-division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, in time-division duplex (TDD) fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) systems, the channel extrapolation problem also arises due to the hopping uplink pilot pattern, which has not been fully researched yet. This paper addresses this gap by formulating a channel extrapolation problem in TDD massive MIMO-OFDM systems for 5G NR, incorporating imperfection factors. A novel two-stage two-dimensional (2D) channel extrapolation scheme in frequency-time domain is proposed, designed to mitigate the effects of imperfection factors and ensure high-accuracy channel estimation. Specifically, in the channel estimation stage, we propose a novel multi-band multi-timeslot based high-resolution parameter estimation algorithm to achieve 2D channel extrapolation in the presence of imperfection factors. Then, to avoid repeated multi-timeslot channel estimation, a channel tracking stage is designed during the subsequent time instants, where a sparse Markov channel model is formulated to capture the dynamic sparsity of massive MIMO-OFDM channels under the influence of imperfection factors. Next, an expectation-maximization (EM) based compressive channel tracking algorithm is designed to estimate unknown imperfection and channel parameters by exploiting the high-resolution prior information of the delay/angle parameters from previous timeslots. Simulation results underscore the superior performance of our proposed channel extrapolation scheme over baselines.