Harmonic balance FEM and its application in power system and renewable energy systems

Power system harmonic distortion is mainly caused by non-linear loads and power electronics used in the electrical power system and distributed renewable energy systems and Microgrids. The presence of non-linear loads and the increasing number of distributed renewable energy systems in electrical grids contribute to changing the characteristics of voltage and current waveforms in power systems. Such electrical loads which introduce non-sinusoidal current consumption patterns (current harmonics) can be found in power electronics. In addition, the harmonics can be generated in high voltage (HV) DC power systems, distributed renewable energy systems and Microgrids, and in HV power system caused by Geomagnetic Disturbances (GMDs) and Geomagnetic Induced Currents (GICs). This paper introduces and develops harmonic balance finite element method (HBFEM) and its application in power system and distributed renewable energy systems and Microgrids.