A simple antenna design for massive MIMO techniques

Massive MIMO systems are intended to enhance many communication systems. These systems use large number of transmitting antennas and large number of receiving antennas. Microstrip patch antenna was selected to be the basic building block due to its simple and low cost in order to construct the best massive MIMO patch antenna array. The design criteria were to get the lowest return loss (S11) with good diversity gain at frequency 1.5 GHz. A new design of single patch antenna were developed and the massive MIMO array was constructed.