EEG-fMRI combination for better understanding of brain functions: Pros and cons

Multimodal neuroimaging techniques have shown better understanding of human brain functions and dysfunctions as compared to the standalone modality. EEG and fMRI are widely used in neuroscience community. EEG signals recorded at scalp have high temporal resolution and poor spatial resolution due to limited number of electrodes. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has a very high spatial resolution and low temporal resolution due to slow scanning. The complementary nature of EEG and fMRI can be combined to get high temporal and spatial resolution at the same time. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI imaging can help researchers to develop better understanding of brain mechanism and functionality. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI can be used for assessment of person's cognitive abilities which include working memory, attention and learning process as well as in diseases like schizophrenia, epilepsy, etc. However, simultaneous EEG-fMRI brings many challenges in terms of data acquisition and data quality point of view. In this paper, we have addressed the main issues involved during simultaneous EEG-fMRI data recording. Further, pros and cons of combined EEG-fMRI are discussed.