Investigating the Polarization of an Omnidirectional Patch Antenna: Polarization Change With Respect to Radiation Angle

In ultradense networks (UDNs), finding an omnidirectional, yet orthogonally polarized, antenna in a reasonable size has been a challenge. We have developed an antenna type that appears to address this need. These antennas, which operate in pairs, offer enhanced polarization characteristics and can be scaled to operate at different frequencies. Moreover, the gain of each antenna, and thus the pair, can be increased by using more than one radiating element as suggested by array theory. To analyze the polarization characteristics of the antenna pair, a complex polarization ratio was used and compared to more traditional methods. The antenna has been prototyped and tested.