K-band active antenna integrated with CMOS adaptive-bias power amplifier

A K-band active antenna integrated with an adaptive-bias power amplifier (PA) is realized by 0.18-μm CMOS and GIPD technology. To minimize the loss resulting from the output matching network of the PA, the input impedance of the dipole antenna is designed to be the optimal load of that PA. The efficiency of the PA can be therefore improved significantly.