Nanopore Translocation Measurement Methods: A Review

In recent years, nanopore has promisingly emerged as a single molecule sensor and is able to detect biomolecules in a label-free manner. Much progress has been made in biotechnological applications using electrical measurement of temporal changes in ionic current. But it has its own limitation with respect to noise, throughput, spatial and temporal resolutions. By incorporating the optical techniques, we can acquire information about the intrinsic property and heterogeneity of a single molecule. Here we review the recent advancements in electrical and optical sensing in nanopores.